An optical illusion makes some glyphs look really bad when turned upside down. In this article you will learn how type designers give their glyphs an illusion of balance.

Whenever two lines of a glyph meet it gives birth to an optical effect called congestion. We perceive it as bloating or blotching. However there are methods to counteract it.

Intersecting lines are not common in the latin alphabet, so we don't think about them a lot. However there is more to them than meets the eye.

Diagonal strokes tend to have different thickness even in one-element sans-serif typefaces. In this article we try to discover why that is.

Our brains tend to distort width and height of circular and diagonal shapes. In this article we shall explore how to counteract this.

By a quirk of our evolution we seem to perceive height and width dimensions differently. In this article we will explore how.

The beginning of a new series on typography illusions. Trying to tackle the perverse problem of the Bone Effect.